pgsql: Prevent access of uninitialized memory in radix tree nodes

Prevent access of uninitialized memory in radix tree nodes

RT_NODE_16_SEARCH_EQ() performs comparisions using vector registers
on x64-64 and aarch64. We apply a mask to the resulting bitfield
to eliminate irrelevant bits that may be set. This ensures correct
behavior, but Valgrind complains of the partially-uninitialised
values. So far the warnings have only occurred on aarch64, which
explains why this hasn't been seen earlier.

To fix this warning, initialize the whole fixed-sized part of the nodes
upon allocation, rather than just do the minimum initialization to
function correctly. The initialization for node48 is a bit different
in that the 256-byte slot index array must be populated with "invalid
index" rather than zero. Experimentation has shown that compilers
tend to emit code that uselessly memsets that array twice. To avoid
pessimizing this path, swap the order of the slot_idxs[] and isset[]
arrays so we can initialize with two non-overlapping memset calls.

Reported by Tomas Vondra
Analysis and patch by Tom Lane, reviewed by Masahiko Sawada. I
investigated the behavior of memset calls to overlapping regions,
leading to the above tweaks to node48 as discussed in the thread.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/120c63ad-3d12-415f-a7bf-3da451c31bf6%40enterprisedb.com

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/fd49e8f32325c675d9bb6e26fcdbe9754249932f

Modified Files
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src/include/lib/radixtree.h | 26 ++++++++++++++------------
1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)