pgsql: Implement pg_wal_replay_wait() stored procedure

Implement pg_wal_replay_wait() stored procedure

pg_wal_replay_wait() is to be used on standby and specifies waiting for
the specific WAL location to be replayed before starting the transaction.
This option is useful when the user makes some data changes on primary and
needs a guarantee to see these changes on standby.

The queue of waiters is stored in the shared memory array sorted by LSN.
During replay of WAL waiters whose LSNs are already replayed are deleted from
the shared memory array and woken up by setting of their latches.

pg_wal_replay_wait() needs to wait without any snapshot held.  Otherwise,
the snapshot could prevent the replay of WAL records implying a kind of
self-deadlock.  This is why it is only possible to implement
pg_wal_replay_wait() as a procedure working in a non-atomic context,
not a function.

Catversion is bumped.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/eb12f9b03851bb2583adab5df9579b4b%40postgrespro.ru
Author: Kartyshov Ivan, Alexander Korotkov
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier, Peter Eisentraut, Dilip Kumar, Amit Kapila
Reviewed-by: Alexander Lakhin, Bharath Rupireddy, Euler Taveira

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/06c418e163e913966e17cb2d3fb1c5f8a8d58308

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/func.sgml                          | 113 ++++++++
src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c               |   7 +
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c       |  11 +
src/backend/catalog/system_functions.sql        |   3 +
src/backend/commands/Makefile                   |   3 +-
src/backend/commands/meson.build                |   1 +
src/backend/commands/waitlsn.c                  | 348 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/storage/ipc/ipci.c                  |   7 +
src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c                 |   6 +
src/backend/utils/activity/wait_event_names.txt |   1 +
src/include/catalog/catversion.h                |   2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat                 |   5 +
src/include/commands/waitlsn.h                  |  43 +++
src/test/recovery/meson.build                   |   1 +
src/test/recovery/t/043_wal_replay_wait.pl      |  97 +++++++
src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list                |   2 +
16 files changed, 648 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)