pgsql: Diagnose !indisvalid in more SQL functions.

Diagnose !indisvalid in more SQL functions.

pgstatindex failed with ERRCODE_DATA_CORRUPTED, of the "can't-happen"
class XX.  The other functions succeeded on an empty index; they might
have malfunctioned if the failed index build left torn I/O or other
complex state.  Report an ERROR in statistics functions pgstatindex,
pgstatginindex, pgstathashindex, and pgstattuple.  Report DEBUG1 and
skip all index I/O in maintenance functions brin_desummarize_range,
brin_summarize_new_values, brin_summarize_range, and
gin_clean_pending_list.  Back-patch to v11 (all supported versions).

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20231001195309.a3@google.com

Branch
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REL_11_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bae063db499fbe29b62a18fe3a9227a59ca2ef0f

Modified Files
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contrib/pgstattuple/pgstatindex.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
contrib/pgstattuple/pgstattuple.c |  7 +++++++
src/backend/access/brin/brin.c    | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++------
src/backend/access/gin/ginfast.c  | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++---
4 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)