pgsql: Avoid Assert failure when processing empty statement in aborted

Avoid Assert failure when processing empty statement in aborted xact.

exec_parse_message() wants to create a cached plan in all cases,
including for empty input.  The empty-input path does not have
a test for being in an aborted transaction, making it possible
that plancache.c will fail due to trying to do database lookups
even though there's no real work to do.

One solution would be to throw an aborted-transaction error in
this path too, but it's not entirely clear whether the lack of
such an error was intentional or whether some clients might be
relying on non-error behavior.  Instead, let's hack plancache.c
so that it treats empty statements with the same logic it
already had for transaction control commands, ensuring that it
can soldier through even in an already-aborted transaction.

Per bug #17983 from Alexander Lakhin.  Back-patch to all
supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17983-da4569fcb878672e@postgresql.org

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/555b929bbe7bd2f228e804d2c5bf4a246a319358

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/utils/cache/plancache.c |  4 +++-
src/test/regress/expected/psql.out  | 11 +++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/psql.sql       |  8 ++++++++
3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)