pgsql: Fix ts_headline() edge cases for empty query and empty search te

Fix ts_headline() edge cases for empty query and empty search text.

tsquery's GETQUERY() macro is only safe to apply to a tsquery
that is known non-empty; otherwise it gives a pointer to garbage.
Before commit 5a617d75d, ts_headline() avoided this pitfall, but
only in a very indirect, nonobvious way.  (hlCover could not reach
its TS_execute call, because if the query contains no lexemes
then hlFirstIndex would surely return -1.)  After that commit,
it fell into the trap, resulting in weird errors such as
"unrecognized operator" and/or valgrind complaints.  In HEAD,
fix this by not calling TS_execute_locations() at all for an
empty query.  In the back branches, add a defensive check to
hlCover() --- that's not fixing any live bug, but I judge the
code a bit too fragile as-is.

Also, both mark_hl_fragments() and mark_hl_words() were careless
about the possibility of empty search text: in the cases where
no match has been found, they'd end up telling mark_fragment() to
mark from word indexes 0 to 0 inclusive, even when there is no
word 0.  This is harmless since we over-allocated the prs->words
array, but it does annoy valgrind.  Fix so that the end index is -1
and thus mark_fragment() will do nothing in such cases.

Bottom line is that this fixes a live bug in HEAD, but in the
back branches it's only getting rid of a valgrind nitpick.
Back-patch anyway.

Per report from Alexander Lakhin.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/c27f642d-020b-01ff-ae61-086af287c4fd@gmail.com

Branch
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REL_11_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bc428b12ac3ac7f4444b5d6f792cdbc3ee3c9388

Modified Files
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src/backend/tsearch/wparser_def.c     |  8 ++++++--
src/test/regress/expected/tsearch.out | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/tsearch.sql      |  6 ++++++
3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)