pgsql: Fix DEFAULT handling for multi-row INSERT rules.

Fix DEFAULT handling for multi-row INSERT rules.

When updating a relation with a rule whose action performed an INSERT
from a multi-row VALUES list, the rewriter might skip processing the
VALUES list, and therefore fail to replace any DEFAULTs in it. This
would lead to an "unrecognized node type" error.

The reason was that RewriteQuery() assumed that a query doing an
INSERT from a multi-row VALUES list would necessarily only have one
item in its fromlist, pointing to the VALUES RTE to read from. That
assumption is correct for the original query, but not for product
queries produced for rule actions. In such cases, there may be
multiple items in the fromlist, possibly including multiple VALUES
RTEs.

What is required instead is for RewriteQuery() to skip any RTEs from
the product query's originating query, which might include one or more
already-processed VALUES RTEs. What's left should then include at most
one VALUES RTE (from the rule action) to be processed.

Patch by me. Thanks to Tom Lane for reviewing.

Back-patch to all supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEZATCV39OOW7LAR_Xq4i%2BLc1Byux%3DeK3Q%3DHD_pF1o9LBt%3DphA%40mail.gmail.com

Branch
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REL_14_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/2c7ed9f752924c038abffb46999a0f543139d797

Modified Files
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src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c | 47 +++++++++++++++----
src/test/regress/expected/rules.out  | 91 ++++++++++++++++++++----------------
src/test/regress/sql/rules.sql       | 15 +++---
3 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)