pgsql: Fix non-bulletproof ScalarArrayOpExpr code for extended statisti

Fix non-bulletproof ScalarArrayOpExpr code for extended statistics.

statext_is_compatible_clause_internal() checked that the arguments
of a ScalarArrayOpExpr are one Var and one Const, but it would allow
cases where the Const was on the left.  Subsequent uses of the clause
are not expecting that and would suffer assertion failures or core
dumps.  mcv.c also had not bothered to cope with the case of a NULL
array constant, which seems really unacceptably sloppy of somebody.
(Although our tools failed us there too, since AFAIK neither Coverity
nor any compiler warned of the obvious use-of-uninitialized-variable
condition.)  It seems best to handle that by having
statext_is_compatible_clause_internal() reject it.

Noted while fixing bug #17570.  Back-patch to v13 where the
extended stats code grew some awareness of ScalarArrayOpExpr.

Branch
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REL_15_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/b6d147bcbbf29b7f422f7185192eb57593f3cfc7

Modified Files
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src/backend/statistics/extended_stats.c | 12 +++++++++---
src/backend/statistics/mcv.c            | 23 ++++++++++-------------
src/test/regress/expected/stats_ext.out | 22 ++++++++++++++++++----
src/test/regress/sql/stats_ext.sql      | 14 ++++++++++----
4 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)