pgsql: Fix partition table's REPLICA IDENTITY checking on the subscribe

Fix partition table's REPLICA IDENTITY checking on the subscriber.

In logical replication, we will check if the target table on the
subscriber is updatable by comparing the replica identity of the table on
the publisher with the table on the subscriber. When the target table is a
partitioned table, we only check its replica identity but not for the
partition tables. This leads to assertion failure while applying changes
for update/delete as we expect those to succeed only when the
corresponding partition table has a primary key or has a replica
identity defined.

Fix it by checking the replica identity of the partition table while
applying changes.

Reported-by: Shi Yu
Author: Shi Yu, Hou Zhijie
Reviewed-by: Amit Langote, Amit Kapila
Backpatch-through: 13, where it was introduced
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OSZPR01MB6310F46CD425A967E4AEF736FDA49@OSZPR01MB6310.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com

Branch
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REL_13_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5f113d60e9982b8d5a8c9b2e85dc82330d3c683a

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/replication/logical/relation.c | 115 +++++++++++++++++------------
src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c   |  27 +++++--
src/test/subscription/t/013_partition.pl   |  16 +++-
3 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)