pgsql: Allow asynchronous execution in more cases.

Allow asynchronous execution in more cases.

In commit 27e1f1456, create_append_plan() only allowed the subplan
created from a given subpath to be executed asynchronously when it was
an async-capable ForeignPath.  To extend coverage, this patch handles
cases when the given subpath includes some other Path types as well that
can be omitted in the plan processing, such as a ProjectionPath directly
atop an async-capable ForeignPath, allowing asynchronous execution in
partitioned-scan/partitioned-join queries with non-Var tlist expressions
and more UNION queries.

Andrey Lepikhov and Etsuro Fujita, reviewed by Alexander Pyhalov and
Zhihong Yu.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/659c37a8-3e71-0ff2-394c-f04428c76f08%40postgrespro.ru

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c2bb02bc2e858ba345b8b33f1f3a54628f719d93

Modified Files
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contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out | 170 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
contrib/postgres_fdw/sql/postgres_fdw.sql      |  41 ++++++
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c                  |   1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c                   |   1 +
src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c                  |   1 +
src/backend/optimizer/plan/createplan.c        |  57 +++++++--
src/backend/optimizer/plan/setrefs.c           |  18 ++-
src/include/nodes/plannodes.h                  |  12 ++
src/include/optimizer/planmain.h               |   1 +
9 files changed, 287 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)