pgsql: Fix some more omissions in pg_upgrade's tests for non-upgradable

Fix some more omissions in pg_upgrade's tests for non-upgradable types.

Commits 29aeda6e4 et al closed up some oversights involving not checking
for non-upgradable types within container types, such as arrays and
ranges.  However, I only looked at version.c, failing to notice that
there were substantially-equivalent tests in check.c.  (The division
of responsibility between those files is less than clear...)

In addition, because genbki.pl does not guarantee that auto-generated
rowtype OIDs will hold still across versions, we need to consider that
the composite type associated with a system catalog or view is
non-upgradable.  It seems unlikely that someone would have a user
column declared that way, but if they did, trying to read it in another
PG version would likely draw "no such pg_type OID" failures, thanks
to the type OID embedded in composite Datums.

To support the composite and reg*-type cases, extend the recursive
query that does the search to allow any base query that returns
a column of pg_type OIDs, rather than limiting it to exactly one
starting type.

As before, back-patch to all supported branches.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2798740.1619622555@sss.pgh.pa.us

Branch
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REL_12_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ba86371b9ca048eeffc5f26530b78f64f2884ed5

Modified Files
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src/bin/pg_upgrade/check.c      | 222 +++++++++++++++-------------------------
src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.h |   6 ++
src/bin/pg_upgrade/version.c    |  53 ++++++++--
3 files changed, 133 insertions(+), 148 deletions(-)