pgsql: In security-restricted operations, block enqueue of at-commit us

In security-restricted operations, block enqueue of at-commit user code.

Specifically, this blocks DECLARE ... WITH HOLD and firing of deferred
triggers within index expressions and materialized view queries.  An
attacker having permission to create non-temp objects in at least one
schema could execute arbitrary SQL functions under the identity of the
bootstrap superuser.  One can work around the vulnerability by disabling
autovacuum and not manually running ANALYZE, CLUSTER, REINDEX, CREATE
INDEX, VACUUM FULL, or REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW.  (Don't restore from
pg_dump, since it runs some of those commands.)  Plain VACUUM (without
FULL) is safe, and all commands are fine when a trusted user owns the
target object.  Performance may degrade quickly under this workaround,
however.  Back-patch to 9.5 (all supported versions).

Reviewed by Robert Haas.  Reported by Etienne Stalmans.

Security: CVE-2020-25695

Branch
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REL_12_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ac8f6243cb002f3386322fb231a0c5daa637941d

Modified Files
--------------
contrib/postgres_fdw/connection.c        |  4 +++
src/backend/access/transam/xact.c        | 13 +++++-----
src/backend/commands/portalcmds.c        |  5 ++++
src/backend/commands/trigger.c           | 12 +++++++++
src/test/regress/expected/privileges.out | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/privileges.sql      | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
6 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)