pgsql: Apply auto-vectorization to the inner loop of numeric multiplica

Apply auto-vectorization to the inner loop of numeric multiplication.

Compile numeric.c with -ftree-vectorize where available, and adjust
the innermost loop of mul_var() so that it is amenable to being
auto-vectorized.  (Mainly, that involves making it process the arrays
left-to-right not right-to-left.)

Applying -ftree-vectorize actually makes numeric.o smaller, at least
with my compiler (gcc 8.3.1 on x86_64), and it's a little faster too.
Independently of that, fixing the inner loop to be vectorizable also
makes things a bit faster.  But doing both is a huge win for
multiplications with lots of digits.  For me, the numeric regression
test is the same speed to within measurement noise, but numeric_big
is a full 45% faster.

We also looked into applying -funroll-loops, but that makes numeric.o
bloat quite a bit, and the additional speed improvement is very
marginal.

Amit Khandekar, reviewed and edited a little by me

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAJ3gD9evtA_vBo+WMYMyT-u=keHX7-r8p2w7OSRfXf42LTwCZQ@mail.gmail.com

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/88709176236caf3cb9655acda6bad2df0323ac8f

Modified Files
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src/backend/utils/adt/Makefile  |  3 +++
src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c | 15 ++++++++++++---
2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)