pgsql: Future-proof regression tests against possibly-missing posixrule

Future-proof regression tests against possibly-missing posixrules file.

The IANA time zone folk have deprecated use of a "posixrules" file in
the tz database.  While for now it's our choice whether to keep
supplying one in our own builds, installations built with
--with-system-tzdata will soon be needing to cope with that file not
being present, at least on some platforms.

This causes a problem for the horology test, which expected the
nonstandard POSIX zone spec "CST7CDT" to apply pre-2007 US daylight
savings rules.  That does happen if the posixrules file supplies such
information, but otherwise the test produces undesired results.
To fix, add an explicit transition date rule that matches 2005 practice.
(We could alternatively have switched the test to use some real time
zone, but it seems useful to have coverage of this type of zone spec.)

While at it, update a documentation example that also relied on
"CST7CDT"; use a real-world zone name instead.  Also, document why
the zone names EST5EDT, CST6CDT, MST7MDT, PST8PDT aren't subject to
similar failures when "posixrules" is missing.

Back-patch to all supported branches, since the hazard is the same
for all.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1665379.1592581287@sss.pgh.pa.us

Branch
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REL_12_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/b22ca7648b6fafea51978d206a5989cfe0900211

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml             | 12 ++++++++++++
doc/src/sgml/func.sgml                 | 22 +++++++++++++---------
src/test/regress/expected/horology.out |  3 ++-
src/test/regress/sql/horology.sql      |  3 ++-
4 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)