pgsql: Refactor attribute mappings used in logical tuple conversion

Refactor attribute mappings used in logical tuple conversion

Tuple conversion support in tupconvert.c is able to convert rowtypes
between two relations, inner and outer, which are logically equivalent
but have a different ordering or even dropped columns (used mainly for
inheritance tree and partitions).  This makes use of attribute mappings,
which are simple arrays made of AttrNumber elements with a length
matching the number of attributes of the outer relation.  The length of
the attribute mapping has been treated as completely independent of the
mapping itself until now, making it easy to pass down an incorrect
mapping length.

This commit refactors the code related to attribute mappings and moves
it into an independent facility called attmap.c, extracted from
tupconvert.c.  This merges the attribute mapping with its length,
avoiding to try to guess what is the length of a mapping to use as this
is computed once, when the map is built.

This will avoid mistakes like what has been fixed in dc816e58, which has
used an incorrect mapping length by matching it with the number of
attributes of an inner relation (a child partition) instead of an outer
relation (a partitioned table).

Author: Michael Paquier
Reviewed-by: Amit Langote
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20191121042556.GD153437@paquier.xyz

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e1551f96e643a52a035c3b35777d968bc073f7fc

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/common/Makefile         |   1 +
src/backend/access/common/attmap.c         | 320 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/access/common/tupconvert.c     | 287 ++------------------------
src/backend/catalog/index.c                |  12 +-
src/backend/catalog/partition.c            |  11 +-
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c        |   1 -
src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c           |  16 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c           |  98 +++++----
src/backend/executor/execMain.c            |  22 +-
src/backend/executor/execPartition.c       |  57 +++--
src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_expr.c        |   1 -
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c         |  18 +-
src/backend/replication/logical/relation.c |  10 +-
src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c   |   9 +-
src/backend/rewrite/rewriteManip.c         |  12 +-
src/include/access/attmap.h                |  52 +++++
src/include/access/tupconvert.h            |  13 +-
src/include/catalog/index.h                |   2 +-
src/include/parser/parse_utilcmd.h         |   3 +-
src/include/replication/logicalrelation.h  |   3 +-
src/include/rewrite/rewriteManip.h         |   3 +-
src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list           |   1 +
22 files changed, 533 insertions(+), 419 deletions(-)