pgsql: Improve isolationtester's timeout management.

Improve isolationtester's timeout management.

isolationtester.c had a hard-wired limit of 3 minutes per test step.
It now emerges that this isn't quite enough for some of the slowest
buildfarm animals.  This isn't the first time we've had to raise
this limit (cf. 1db439ad4), so let's make it configurable.  This
patch raises the default to 5 minutes, and introduces an environment
variable PGISOLATIONTIMEOUT that can be set if more time is needed,
following the precedent of PGCTLTIMEOUT.

Also, modify isolationtester so that when the timeout is hit,
it explicitly reports having sent a cancel.  This makes the regression
failure log considerably more intelligible.  (In the worst case, a
timed-out test might actually be reported as "passing" without this
extra output, so arguably this is a bug fix in itself.)

In passing, update the README file, which had apparently not gotten
touched when we added "make check" support here.

Back-patch to 9.6; older versions don't have comparable timeout logic.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/22964.1575842935@sss.pgh.pa.us

Branch
------
REL_10_STABLE

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bd0c44bdf477766f3ae6de295687390c69a857a9

Modified Files
--------------
src/test/isolation/README            | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++--------
src/test/isolation/isolationtester.c | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
2 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)