pgsql: Avoid picking already-bound TCP ports in kerberos and ldaptest

Avoid picking already-bound TCP ports in kerberos and ldap test suites.

src/test/kerberos and src/test/ldap need to run a private authentication
server of the relevant type, for which they need a free TCP port.
They were just picking a random port number in 48K-64K, which works
except when something's already using the particular port.  Notably,
the probability of failure rises dramatically if one simply runs those
tests in a tight loop, because each test cycle leaves behind a bunch of
high ports that are transiently in TIME_WAIT state.

To fix, split out the code that PostgresNode.pm already had for
identifying a free TCP port number, so that it can be invoked to choose
a port for the KDC or LDAP server.  This isn't 100% bulletproof, since
conceivably something else on the machine could grab the port between
the time we check and the time we actually start the server.  But that's
a pretty short window, so in practice this should be good enough.

Back-patch to v11 where these test suites were added.

Patch by me, reviewed by Andrew Dunstan.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3397.1564872168@sss.pgh.pa.us

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/803466b6ffaa2e5b94d8ce4d7fffa8185f2a0184

Modified Files
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src/test/kerberos/t/001_auth.pl |   2 +-
src/test/ldap/t/001_auth.pl     |   2 +-
src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm   | 130 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
3 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)