pgsql: Simplify pg_mcv_list (de)serialization

Simplify pg_mcv_list (de)serialization

The serialization format of multivariate MCV lists included alignment in
order to allow direct access to part of the serialized data, but despite
multiple fixes (see for example commits d85e0f366a and ea4e1c0e8f) this
proved to be problematic.

This commit abandons alignment in the serialized format, and just copies
everything during deserialization.  We now also track amount of memory
needed after deserialization (including alignment), which allows us to
deserialize the MCV list in a single pass.

Bump catversion, as this affects contents of pg_statistic_ext_data.

Backpatch to 12, where multi-column MCV lists were introduced.

Author: Tomas Vondra
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/2201.1561521148@sss.pgh.pa.us

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/08aa131c7a72195113ab3a7b191fe8014dd3a898

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/statistics/mcv.c                     | 291 ++++++++++++++---------
src/include/catalog/catversion.h                 |   2 +-
src/include/statistics/extended_stats_internal.h |   1 +
3 files changed, 183 insertions(+), 111 deletions(-)