pgsql: Repair failure with SubPlans in multi-row VALUES lists.

Repair failure with SubPlans in multi-row VALUES lists.

When nodeValuesscan.c was written, it was impossible to have a SubPlan in
VALUES --- any sub-SELECT there would have to be uncorrelated and thereby
would produce an InitPlan instead.  We therefore took a shortcut in the
logic that throws away a ValuesScan's per-row expression evaluation data
structures.  This was broken by the introduction of LATERAL however; a
sub-SELECT containing a lateral reference produces a correlated SubPlan.

The cleanest fix for this would be to give up the optimization of
discarding the expression eval state.  But that still seems pretty
unappetizing for long VALUES lists.  It seems to work to just prevent
the subexpressions from hooking into the ValuesScan node's subPlan
list, so let's do that and see how well it works.  (If this breaks,
due to additional connections between the subexpressions and the outer
query structures, we might consider compromises like throwing away data
only for VALUES rows not containing SubPlans.)

Per bug #14924 from Christian Duta.  Back-patch to 9.3 where LATERAL
was introduced.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20171124120836.1463.5310@wrigleys.postgresql.org

Branch
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REL9_5_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ae6ed07841766867ab7c0f04b996deee140dba19

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/executor/nodeValuesscan.c   | 21 ++++++++++++++++-----
src/test/regress/expected/subselect.out | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/subselect.sql      | 10 ++++++++++
3 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)