pgsql: Improve planner's handling of set-returning functions ingroupin

Improve planner's handling of set-returning functions in grouping columns.

Improve query_is_distinct_for() to accept SRFs in the targetlist when
we can prove distinctness from a DISTINCT clause.  In that case the
de-duplication will surely happen after SRF expansion, so the proof
still works.  Continue to punt in the case where we'd try to prove
distinctness from GROUP BY (or, in the future, source relations).
To do that, we'd have to determine whether the SRFs were in the
grouping columns or elsewhere in the tlist, and it still doesn't
seem worth the trouble.  But this trivial change allows us to
recognize that "SELECT DISTINCT unnest(foo) FROM ..." produces
unique-ified output, which seems worth having.

Also, fix estimate_num_groups() to consider the possibility of SRFs in
the grouping columns.  Its failure to do so was masked before v10 because
grouping_planner() scaled up plan rowcount estimates by the estimated SRF
multiplier after performing grouping.  That doesn't happen anymore, which
is more correct, but it means we need an adjustment in the estimate for
the number of groups.  Failure to do this leads to an underestimate for
the number of output rows of subqueries like "SELECT DISTINCT unnest(foo)"
compared to what 9.6 and earlier estimated, thus breaking plan choices
in some cases.

Per report from Dmitry Shalashov.  Back-patch to v10 to avoid degraded
plan choices compared to previous releases.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKPeCUGAeHgoh5O=SvcQxREVkoX7UdeJUMj1F5=aBNvoTa+O8w@mail.gmail.com

Branch
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REL_10_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/b9fc2d0b97c122b071e4ce99ba4e274538d81a5b

Modified Files
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src/backend/optimizer/plan/analyzejoins.c | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
src/backend/utils/adt/selfuncs.c          | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)