pgsql: Make LATERAL implicit for functions in FROM.

Make LATERAL implicit for functions in FROM.

The SQL standard does not have general functions-in-FROM, but it does
allow UNNEST() there (see the <collection derived table> production),
and the semantics of that are defined to include lateral references.
So spec compliance requires allowing lateral references within UNNEST()
even without an explicit LATERAL keyword.  Rather than making UNNEST()
a special case, it seems best to extend this flexibility to any
function-in-FROM.  We'll still allow LATERAL to be written explicitly
for clarity's sake, but it's now a noise word in this context.

In theory this change could result in a change in behavior of existing
queries, by allowing what had been an outer reference in a function-in-FROM
to be captured by an earlier FROM-item at the same level.  However, all
pre-9.3 PG releases have a bug that causes them to match variable
references to earlier FROM-items in preference to outer references (and
then throw an error).  So no previously-working query could contain the
type of ambiguity that would risk a change of behavior.

Per a suggestion from Andrew Gierth, though I didn't use his patch.

Branch
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master

Details
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http://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/2378d79ab29865f59245744beb8f04a3ce56d2ae

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/queries.sgml                |   20 +++++++++++---
doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml             |   41 ++++++++++++++++++++---------
src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c        |   21 +++++++++++---
src/test/regress/expected/join.out       |   37 +++++++++++++++++---------
src/test/regress/expected/rangefuncs.out |   13 ++++++---
src/test/regress/sql/join.sql            |   13 ++++++---
src/test/regress/sql/rangefuncs.sql      |    2 +-
7 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)