Re: The postgres server don't work

Such gross changes should not be made to the registry. You changed the settings of the whole system for the needs of one console. This will affect many services and console applications.
You need to find a shortcut in the start menu. "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\PostgreSQL 12\SQL Shell (psql).lnk"
By the right click, select "Change" and add to the batch file an indication of the need to change the code page, save.
Here is an example of a standard script:

@echo off
chcp 1251
REM Copyright (c) 2012-2020, EnterpriseDB Corporation.  All rights reserved
REM PostgreSQL server psql runner script for Windows

SET server=localhost
SET /P server="Server [%server%]: "

SET database=postgres
SET /P database="Database [%database%]: "

SET port=5999
SET /P port="Port [%port%]: "

SET username=postgres
SET /P username="Username [%username%]: "

for /f "delims=" %%a in ('chcp ^|find /c "932"') do @ SET CLIENTENCODING_JP=%%a
if "%CLIENTENCODING_JP%"=="1" SET PGCLIENTENCODING=SJIS
if "%CLIENTENCODING_JP%"=="1" SET /P PGCLIENTENCODING="Client Encoding [%PGCLIENTENCODING%]: "

REM Run psql
"C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\12\bin\psql.exe" -h %server% -U %username% -d %database% -p %port%

pause