Ancient bug in formatting.c/to_char()

Consider this example:

[local]/postgres=# SELECT to_char(1e9::float8,'999999999999999999999D9');
         to_char
--------------------------
             1000000000.0
(1 row)

[local]/postgres=# SELECT to_char(1e20::float8,'999999999999999999999D9');
        to_char
------------------------
  100000000000000000000
(1 row)

[local]/postgres=# SELECT to_char(1e20,'999999999999999999999D9');
         to_char
--------------------------
  100000000000000000000.0
(1 row)


There is access to uninitialized memory here. #define
DEBUG_TO_FROM_CHAR shows this to be the case (garbage is printed to
stdout).

Valgrind brought this to my attention. I propose the attached patch as
a fix for this issue.

The direct cause appears to be that float8_to_char() feels entitled to
truncate Number description post-digits, while that doesn't happen
within numeric_to_char(), say. This is very old code, from the
original to_char() patch back in 2000, and the interactions here are
not obvious. I think that that should be okay to not do this
truncation, since the value of MAXDOUBLEWIDTH was greatly increased in
2007 as part of a round of fixes to bugs of similar vintage. There is
still a defensive measure against over-sized input (we bail), but that
ought to be unnecessary, strictly speaking.

--
Peter Geoghegan