Re: psql use of 'volatile'

Bruce Momjian <pgman@candle.pha.pa.us> writes:
> Can someone explain why 'volatile' is used in psql/mainloop.c?  Seems
> volatile is only for hardware-specific variables that can not be
> optimized.

Not at all.  The ANSI C spec specifically says that you must declare
as volatile any local variables that you need to change after a
setjmp() call.  This prevents the compiler from putting them in
registers, which would cause their post-longjmp values to be
uncertain.  The exact statement is that after a longjmp,
      [#3] All accessible objects  have  values  as  of  the  time      longjmp  was  called,  except  that the values
ofobjects of      automatic storage duration that are local  to  the  function      containing  the invocation of the
correspondingsetjmp macro      that do not  have  volatile-qualified  type  and  have  been      changed  between  the
setjmpinvocation and longjmp call are      indeterminate.
 

The reason they're "indeterminate" is that longjmp restores all the
machine registers to the values saved by setjmp.  So, if your local
variable foo was allocated in a register, then foo reverts to its
value as of the time of setjmp; but if it's in memory, it doesn't
revert.  The behavior is really perfectly "determinate", but you
can't safely rely on which will happen.  Unless you force foo to be
allocated in memory, which you do by labeling it "volatile".

This is sort of an abuse of the intuitive meaning of "volatile",
but it falls right out of what the qualifier actually means to a C
compiler, which is "keep this in memory, not in a register, and
fetch it afresh from memory every single time the program references
it.  No common-subexpression elimination here!"
        regards, tom lane