BUG #18627: Regression (15 -> 16) - Join removal not performed when join condition spans multiple tables

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference:      18627
Logged by:          Mikaël Gourlaouen
Email address:      gourlaouen.mikael@gmail.com
PostgreSQL version: 16.4
Operating system:   Debian
Description:

Given the following schema and query:

```
CREATE TABLE origin (id text PRIMARY KEY, d_id text);

CREATE TABLE intermediary (id text PRIMARY KEY,  version_id text NOT
NULL);

CREATE TABLE destination (id text NOT NULL, version_id text NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT d_pk PRIMARY KEY(id, version_id));

EXPLAIN SELECT o.id
FROM origin o
LEFT JOIN intermediary i ON o.id = i.id
LEFT JOIN destination d ON d.id = o.d_id AND i.version_id = d.version_id; 
```

Postgres 15 is able to nicely remove all the joins and gives a nice tidy
query plan:
```
Seq Scan on origin o  (cost=0.00..16.50 rows=650 width=32)
```

Postgres 16 (and 17rc1) on the other hand are giving me this query plan
instead:
```
Hash Left Join  (cost=24.62..42.84 rows=650 width=32)
  Hash Cond: (o.id = i.id)
  ->  Seq Scan on origin o  (cost=0.00..16.50 rows=650 width=64)
  ->  Hash  (cost=16.50..16.50 rows=650 width=64)
        ->  Seq Scan on intermediary i  (cost=0.00..16.50 rows=650
width=64)
```

As far as I understand, that join is not helpful in any away as no data from
the join affects the number of rows nor the data returned in each row.