BUG #18503: Reproducible 'Segmentation fault' in 16.3 on ARM64

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference:      18503
Logged by:          Stefan Heine
Email address:      github.stheine@heine7.de
PostgreSQL version: 16.3
Operating system:   Ubuntu 24.04, Debian bookworm
Description:

This is a followup of
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/18471-4e01d7601cedf1b0%40postgresql.org
and maybe related to
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1059476

The query described in
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/18471-4e01d7601cedf1b0%40postgresql.org
is causing a reproducible 'Segmentation fault'.
I have tried various versions of postgresql on different OS versions, trying
to find one that works fine, but this happens in 14.8, 14.12, 16.3 on Debian
bookworm.
It also happens in 16.3 on Ubuntu 24.04 when installing the standard
OS-provided version of postgresql.
I also tried installing the 16.3 on Ubuntu 24.04 from
https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt, and it's still failing.

The issue is clearly related to jit, since it only reproduces if jit is
enabled and forced to kick in (jit_above_cost = 1, jit_inline_above_cost =
1,
jit_optimize_above_cost = 1). disabling jit makes the query run fine.

in https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1059476 there was a
similar issue, that pointed to llvm v14, but the postgresql version from
https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt mentions `libllvm17t64`, so this seems
to include a newer version and still aborts.

That situation is clearly reproducible, so we can help troubleshooting in
case you want to look into details.